Understanding atopy and atopic dermatitis in dogs: A comprehensive guide

Atopy, a condition familiar to many humans, also affects our canine companions. This guide will help you understand canine atopy and its management.

Terminology and definition

Atopy is an allergic condition in which dogs develop hypersensitivity reactions to environmental allergens. Atopic dermatitis refers specifically to the skin symptoms caused by atopy. In dogs, unlike humans, respiratory symptoms are rare, which means these terms are often used interchangeably.

Approximately 10 percent of dogs are affected by atopy. This inherited predisposition often coincides with other allergies, such as food or flea allergies.

Age, sex, and breed considerations

• Diagnosis typically occurs between 6 months and 6 years, most commonly at 1-3 years 
• Rare in dogs over 7 years old 
• Affects males and females equally
• Higher risk in certain breeds, including various Terriers, Retrievers, Bulldogs, German Shepherds, Boxers, and many others

Common Triggers

Environmental allergens include:

• Outdoor: Various grasses, weeds, tree and shrub pollens
• Indoor: Storage mites, house dust mites, pet and human dander, moulds

These allergens can be inhaled or absorbed through the skin.

Recognizing symptoms

• Persistent, intensifying itching
• Skin redness, pimples, weepy or crusty areas 
• Oily coat, dandruff 
• Hair loss
• Skin thickening and darkening

Common problem areas include the face, ears, armpits, lower belly, groin, paws, and flanks. Some dogs may also develop lumps between toes, frequent ear infections, or watery eyes.

When to seek veterinary care

Consult a veterinarian as soon as you notice potential signs of atopy. The condition doesn't resolve on its own, requires lifelong management, and typically worsens without proper interventions.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis involves: 

• Excluding other skin conditions, flea allergies, and food allergies 
• Reviewing medical history 
• Physical examination

Treatment options include: 

• Short-term relief medications 
• Long-term management strategies 
• Allergen identification (through blood tests or intradermal skin testing) 
• Immunotherapy
• Medications to suppress immunity or target specific antibodies

The best treatment plan depends on symptom severity, number of allergens, and response to medication. Immunotherapy is often recommended.

Supporting your pet at home

• Maintain strict parasite control 
• Bathe regularly with appropriate shampoos 
• Keep long-haired dogs clipped short in summer
• Control indoor allergens through cleaning (vacuuming, mopping, using HEPA filters)
• Use appropriate dietary supplements if no food allergies exist

Managing atopy can be challenging, but our veterinary team at TELUS Health MyPet is here to help. We offer virtual consultations to provide advice, treatment options, and ongoing management strategies.